Cryptic clues look like nonsense because they are not normal sentences. Most are made of two parts: a definition of meaning as you get in a regular crosswords (although perhaps less helpful!) and constituent parts of the answer. Thus if you've never heard of the answer before, it's possible to work out what it is from the constituent parts and then check the meaning.
It's a good idea to make sure your answer agrees and accounts for all parts of a clue. These parts are not mixed up so the definition will either be at the beginning or end of the clue. There are also general clues without constituent parts but they are rarer.
Most constituent clues are exclusively or a combination of:
- Codes - individual letters of the answer are clued by code words. See glossary for some examples.
- Anagram - an anagram of the answer is in the clue with a word or phrase meaning "make an anagram" e.g. mad, confused, flying etc.
- Sounds like - a homonym of the answer is clued with a word or phrase meaning "sounds like" e.g. spoken, reported, heard etc.
- Hidden word - the answer is hidden in a word or phrase. The answer can be backwards if the clue includes "reversed", "backwards" etc.
- First, mid or last - the answer is in the first, middle or last letters of a phrase. Lookout for words which are run together, such as "midnight" and "legend" meaning "g".